diff --git a/inventory-web/src/utils/format.ts b/inventory-web/src/utils/format.ts
index e69de29..1a84029 100644
--- a/inventory-web/src/utils/format.ts
+++ b/inventory-web/src/utils/format.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// ============================================================================
+// 通用格式化工具
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * 数量显示格式化 —— 整数不显示小数点，小数去除末尾多余的 0。
+ *
+ *   1.0000                -> '1'
+ *   2.5000                -> '2.5'
+ *   0.30000000000000004   -> '0.3'   （后端 float 累加产生的尾巴）
+ *   null / undefined / '' -> fallback
+ *
+ * ★ 为什么先 toFixed(4) 再 Number：
+ *   本系统数量列在库中一律为 numeric(19,4)，但后端有一批运算写成
+ *   `float(a) + float(b)`，累加后可能带出 0.30000000000000004 这类二进制
+ *   浮点尾数。先按量纲精度收敛到 4 位，再交给 Number 归一 —— Number('0.3000')
+ *   即 0.3，String() 后自然就是 '0.3'。
+ */
+export function formatQty(value: any, fallback = '0'): string {
+  if (value === null || value === undefined || value === '') return fallback
+  const n = Number(value)
+  if (!Number.isFinite(n)) return fallback
+  return String(Number(n.toFixed(4)))
+}
+
+/**
+ * 数量归一化为 number —— 供 el-input-number 等**需要数值而非字符串**的
+ * 组件使用。作用同 formatQty，只是保留 number 类型。
+ *
+ * ★ 不要把 formatQty 的返回值喂给 el-input-number：传字符串会让 v-model
+ *   失去数值语义，组件内部的步进/边界比较也会退化。
+ */
+export function normalizeQty(value: any, fallback = 0): number {
+  const n = Number(value)
+  return Number.isFinite(n) ? Number(n.toFixed(4)) : fallback
+}
diff --git a/inventory-web/src/views/outbound/index.vue b/inventory-web/src/views/outbound/index.vue
index 8c9c88e..020c6fa 100644
--- a/inventory-web/src/views/outbound/index.vue
+++ b/inventory-web/src/views/outbound/index.vue
@@ -122,11 +122,18 @@
               </el-table-column>
 
               <!-- ★ 原单退回：良品加回库存 / 不良品转入异常待处理台账。
-                   已退满的行（returnable_quantity <= 0）按钮置灰不可点。 -->
+                   已退满的行（returnable_quantity <= 0）按钮置灰不可点。
+
+                   ★ 权限双重保障，两者用同一个权限码 outbound_return，判定一致：
+                     · v-if="canReturn"  响应式判定。v-permission 指令只在 mounted
+                       执行一次，而表格行会重渲染，用响应式判定兜底更稳。
+                     · v-permission      本系统规范的按钮级指令，声明式表达权限要求，
+                       无权限时直接把元素移出 DOM（普通领料员工完全看不到）。 -->
               <el-table-column label="退回" width="150" align="center" fixed="right">
                 <template #default="{ row }">
                   <template v-if="canReturn">
                     <el-button
+                        v-permission="'outbound_return'"
                         type="warning"
                         link
                         size="small"
@@ -136,7 +143,7 @@
                       退回
                     </el-button>
                     <span v-if="row.returned_quantity > 0" class="returned-hint">
-                      已退 {{ row.returned_quantity }}
+                      已退 {{ formatQty(row.returned_quantity) }}
                     </span>
                   </template>
                   <span v-else class="returned-hint">-</span>
@@ -222,23 +229,24 @@
           </span>
         </el-form-item>
         <el-form-item label="原出库数量">
-          <span class="dialog-text">{{ returnDialog.row?.quantity ?? 0 }}</span>
+          <span class="dialog-text">{{ formatQty(returnDialog.row?.quantity) }}</span>
         </el-form-item>
         <el-form-item label="已退回数量">
-          <span class="dialog-text">{{ returnDialog.row?.returned_quantity ?? 0 }}</span>
+          <span class="dialog-text">{{ formatQty(returnDialog.row?.returned_quantity) }}</span>
         </el-form-item>
         <el-form-item label="本次可退最大">
           <span class="dialog-text dialog-strong">
-            {{ returnDialog.row?.returnable_quantity ?? 0 }}
+            {{ formatQty(returnDialog.row?.returnable_quantity) }}
           </span>
         </el-form-item>
 
         <el-form-item label="本次退回数量" required>
+          <!-- 不再设 :precision="4" —— 那会把 1 显示成 1.0000。
+               数量本身仍支持小数（后端按 numeric(19,4) 收）。 -->
           <el-input-number
               v-model="returnDialog.form.return_qty"
               :min="0"
-              :max="returnDialog.row?.returnable_quantity || 0"
-              :precision="4"
+              :max="normalizeQty(returnDialog.row?.returnable_quantity)"
               :step="1"
               style="width: 200px"
           />
@@ -279,19 +287,22 @@ import { ref, computed, onMounted, reactive, onBeforeUnmount } from 'vue'
 import { ElMessage } from 'element-plus'
 import { getOutboundList } from '@/api/outbound'
 import { returnFromOutbound } from '@/api/inbound/return'
+import { formatQty, normalizeQty } from '@/utils/format'
 import { Picture } from '@element-plus/icons-vue'
 import { useUserStore } from '@/stores/user'
 import CompanySelector from '@/components/CompanySelector.vue'
 
 const userStore = useUserStore()
 
-// 退回按钮的可见性。后端同样会校验权限（inventory_stocktake:operation），
-// 前端只是不给无权限用户显示一个必然失败的按钮。
-const canReturn = computed(() =>
-  userStore.role === 'SUPER_ADMIN'
-  || userStore.username === 'IRIS'
-  || userStore.hasPermission('inventory_stocktake:operation')
-)
+// 退回按钮的可见性。
+//
+// ★ 权限码必须与后端 @permission_required('outbound_return') 逐字一致，
+//   且刻意**不**套用本文件 hasColumnPermission() 里 `username === 'IRIS'`
+//   那类特例放行 —— 退回是实物交接的 SOP 动作，后端不认特例，前端也不该认，
+//   否则会出现「按钮可见但接口 403」的错位。
+//   hasPermission() 内部已对 SUPER_ADMIN 放行，与后端装饰器的超管旁路对齐。
+//   权限码来源见 db_migrations/add_outbound_return_perm.sql
+const canReturn = computed(() => userStore.hasPermission('outbound_return'))
 
 // 防抖定时器
 let debounceTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null
@@ -496,7 +507,8 @@ const returnDialog = reactive({
 const openReturnDialog = (row: any) => {
   returnDialog.row = row
   // 默认带入「本次可退最大」，业务上整行退回最常见；用户可再调小做部分退回
-  returnDialog.form.return_qty = Number(row?.returnable_quantity || 0)
+  // 用 normalizeQty 抹掉后端 float 累加留下的尾数，避免输入框显示一长串小数
+  returnDialog.form.return_qty = normalizeQty(row?.returnable_quantity)
   returnDialog.form.is_defective = false
   returnDialog.form.reason = ''
   returnDialog.visible = true
@@ -513,8 +525,8 @@ const resetReturnDialog = () => {
 const submitReturn = async () => {
   if (returnDialog.submitting) return   // 双保险：即便按钮 loading 被绕过也不重复提交
 
-  const maxQty = Number(returnDialog.row?.returnable_quantity || 0)
-  const qty = Number(returnDialog.form.return_qty || 0)
+  const maxQty = normalizeQty(returnDialog.row?.returnable_quantity)
+  const qty = normalizeQty(returnDialog.form.return_qty)
   const reason = (returnDialog.form.reason || '').trim()
 
   if (!qty || qty <= 0) {
diff --git a/inventory-web/src/views/stock/defective/index.vue b/inventory-web/src/views/stock/defective/index.vue
index d04ba13..2818ed2 100644
--- a/inventory-web/src/views/stock/defective/index.vue
+++ b/inventory-web/src/views/stock/defective/index.vue
@@ -88,12 +88,14 @@
         </template>
       </el-table-column>
 
-      <el-table-column prop="quantity" label="退回总数" width="100" align="right" />
+      <el-table-column label="退回总数" width="100" align="right">
+        <template #default="{ row }">{{ formatQty(row.quantity) }}</template>
+      </el-table-column>
 
       <el-table-column label="剩余待处理" width="110" align="right">
         <template #default="{ row }">
           <span :style="{ color: row.remaining_qty > 0 ? '#E6A23C' : '#909399', fontWeight: 'bold' }">
-            {{ row.remaining_qty }}
+            {{ formatQty(row.remaining_qty) }}
           </span>
         </template>
       </el-table-column>
@@ -104,19 +106,37 @@
         </template>
       </el-table-column>
 
-      <el-table-column label="操作" width="180" align="center" fixed="right">
+      <el-table-column label="操作" width="190" align="center" fixed="right">
         <template #default="{ row }">
           <!-- ★ 仅在还有在管量时提供处置入口：终态（已回库/已报废/已闭环）
-               的 remaining_qty 已归零，再操作只会拿到后端 400 -->
+               的 remaining_qty 已归零，再操作只会拿到后端 400。
+
+               ★ 两个动作是**独立权限**（defective_restock / defective_scrap），
+                 可能有人只有其中一个，故分别判定、分别隐藏。
+                 v-if 是响应式判定（表格行会重渲染），v-permission 是本系统规范的
+                 按钮级指令（无权限直接移出 DOM），两者用同一权限码，判定一致。
+                 后端 @permission_required 用的是同样的码，见
+                 db_migrations/add_defective_operation_perms.sql -->
           <template v-if="row.remaining_qty > 0">
-            <el-button type="success" link size="small" @click="openRestockDialog(row)">
+            <el-button
+                v-if="canRestock"
+                v-permission="'defective_restock'"
+                type="success" link size="small"
+                @click="openRestockDialog(row)"
+            >
               修复回库
             </el-button>
-            <el-button type="danger" link size="small" @click="openScrapDialog(row)">
+            <el-button
+                v-if="canScrap"
+                v-permission="'defective_scrap'"
+                type="danger" link size="small"
+                @click="openScrapDialog(row)"
+            >
               报废销毁
             </el-button>
+            <span v-if="!canRestock && !canScrap" class="no-perm">无处置权限</span>
           </template>
-          <span v-else style="color: #c0c4cc; font-size: 12px;">已结案</span>
+          <span v-else class="no-perm">已结案</span>
         </template>
       </el-table-column>
     </el-table>
@@ -145,14 +165,15 @@
           <span class="dlg-text">{{ restockDialog.row?.material_name || '-' }}</span>
         </el-form-item>
         <el-form-item label="在管数量">
-          <span class="dlg-text dlg-strong">{{ restockDialog.row?.remaining_qty ?? 0 }}</span>
+          <span class="dlg-text dlg-strong">{{ formatQty(restockDialog.row?.remaining_qty) }}</span>
         </el-form-item>
         <el-form-item label="本次回库数量" required>
+          <!-- 不再设 :precision="4" —— 那会把 1 显示成 1.0000。
+               数量本身仍支持小数（后端按 numeric(19,4) 收），只是不强制补零。 -->
           <el-input-number
               v-model="restockDialog.form.restock_qty"
               :min="0"
-              :max="restockDialog.row?.remaining_qty || 0"
-              :precision="4"
+              :max="normalizeQty(restockDialog.row?.remaining_qty)"
               :step="1"
               style="width: 180px"
           />
@@ -190,14 +211,14 @@
           <span class="dlg-text">{{ scrapDialog.row?.material_name || '-' }}</span>
         </el-form-item>
         <el-form-item label="在管数量">
-          <span class="dlg-text dlg-strong">{{ scrapDialog.row?.remaining_qty ?? 0 }}</span>
+          <span class="dlg-text dlg-strong">{{ formatQty(scrapDialog.row?.remaining_qty) }}</span>
         </el-form-item>
         <el-form-item label="本次报废数量" required>
+          <!-- 同「修复回库」：去掉 :precision 强制补零 -->
           <el-input-number
               v-model="scrapDialog.form.scrap_qty"
               :min="0"
-              :max="scrapDialog.row?.remaining_qty || 0"
-              :precision="4"
+              :max="normalizeQty(scrapDialog.row?.remaining_qty)"
               :step="1"
               style="width: 180px"
           />
@@ -227,14 +248,23 @@
 </template>
 
 <script setup lang="ts">
-import { ref, reactive, onMounted } from 'vue'
+import { ref, computed, reactive, onMounted } from 'vue'
 import { ElMessage } from 'element-plus'
 import { getDefectiveList, restockDefective, scrapDefective } from '@/api/inbound/return'
+import { useUserStore } from '@/stores/user'
+import { formatQty, normalizeQty } from '@/utils/format'
 import CompanySelector from '@/components/CompanySelector.vue'
 
+const userStore = useUserStore()
+
 // 与后端 app/models/transaction.py 的 VALID_DEFECTIVE_STATUSES 保持一致
 const statusOptions = ['待处理', '处理中', '已回库', '已报废', '已闭环']
 
+// ★ 处置权限判定。权限码必须与后端 @permission_required 逐字一致。
+//   hasPermission() 内部已对 SUPER_ADMIN 放行，与后端装饰器的超管旁路对齐。
+const canRestock = computed(() => userStore.hasPermission('defective_restock'))
+const canScrap = computed(() => userStore.hasPermission('defective_scrap'))
+
 const statusTagType = (status: string) => {
   const map: Record<string, string> = {
     '待处理': 'warning',
@@ -313,7 +343,9 @@ const restockDialog = reactive({
 
 const openRestockDialog = (row: any) => {
   restockDialog.row = row
-  restockDialog.form.restock_qty = Number(row?.remaining_qty || 0)
+  // 用 normalizeQty 而非裸 Number：抹掉后端 float 累加留下的
+  // 0.30000000000000004 这类尾巴，否则输入框会显示一长串小数
+  restockDialog.form.restock_qty = normalizeQty(row?.remaining_qty)
   restockDialog.form.remark = ''
   restockDialog.visible = true
 }
@@ -328,8 +360,8 @@ const resetRestockDialog = () => {
 const submitRestock = async () => {
   if (restockDialog.submitting) return   // 双保险，防手抖连击
 
-  const max = Number(restockDialog.row?.remaining_qty || 0)
-  const qty = Number(restockDialog.form.restock_qty || 0)
+  const max = normalizeQty(restockDialog.row?.remaining_qty)
+  const qty = normalizeQty(restockDialog.form.restock_qty)
   if (!qty || qty <= 0) {
     ElMessage.warning('请填写本次回库数量')
     return
@@ -367,7 +399,7 @@ const scrapDialog = reactive({
 
 const openScrapDialog = (row: any) => {
   scrapDialog.row = row
-  scrapDialog.form.scrap_qty = Number(row?.remaining_qty || 0)
+  scrapDialog.form.scrap_qty = normalizeQty(row?.remaining_qty)
   scrapDialog.form.reason = ''
   scrapDialog.visible = true
 }
@@ -382,8 +414,8 @@ const resetScrapDialog = () => {
 const submitScrap = async () => {
   if (scrapDialog.submitting) return
 
-  const max = Number(scrapDialog.row?.remaining_qty || 0)
-  const qty = Number(scrapDialog.form.scrap_qty || 0)
+  const max = normalizeQty(scrapDialog.row?.remaining_qty)
+  const qty = normalizeQty(scrapDialog.form.scrap_qty)
   const reason = (scrapDialog.form.reason || '').trim()
 
   if (!qty || qty <= 0) {
@@ -442,6 +474,11 @@ onMounted(() => {
   color: #909399;
   padding-left: 10px;
 }
+/* 无处置权限 / 已结案的占位文案 */
+.no-perm {
+  color: #c0c4cc;
+  font-size: 12px;
+}
 .dlg-danger {
   color: #F56C6C;
 }